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Comment by Civil Lines Club on December 15, 2011 at 12:48pm

we are established Senior Citizen Campus (old house) now we have thirty five seniors full time accommodation, food and also health treatment. fifty four seniors joined campus for the time being, he/she come every day morning and leave the campus before night. we invite to visit this campus in pakistan and support this campus financially. please donate at this issue. I share our account A/C 113-2040352-001 faysal bank Pvt. Limited. Pakistan

if you want any more information please contact us.

thanks

zafar saleem bangash

chairman

Al-Noor Foundation

Civil Lines Club

0092-333-5254688

anfpk@hotmail.com

Comment by Ali Caksu on December 4, 2011 at 12:44pm

Karen, thanks for the link. A very important problem indeed.

Comment by Karen Mercado Asencio on December 4, 2011 at 4:16am

Hi everyone,

My name is Karen Mercado from the BE FOUNDATION in Mexico, and I invite you to watch this awareness video where it highlights the under-registration issue in Mexico that affects other countries as well.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pl1PTXNTJ3s

Email me at befoundation@msn.com

Comment by A.H.M.Mainuddin Ahmed(jahangir) on December 3, 2011 at 11:27pm

Thanks f being kind

Comment by Abdullah MANSOOR ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ on March 4, 2011 at 7:43am

dear friends. We the people living in South Asia are very much concerned with the ongoing political problems and violence in the area. Actuall we have to think who is making us fight? Pakistan and India are the same countries, same problems, poverty, health matters, populations, illiteracy, extremism etc. We are poor countries abut our governments are purchaing arsinals, weapons to fight w=each other. That resousres can be used for reduction poverty and health facilities and education etc. Who will think why we are fighting. We must resolve our problems in some good way on the table. We understand Kashmir is the big issue between India and Pakistan. Why both government think positively to solve it instead of fighting and p[utting reesources into weapon buying and killing innocents people. HOpe peace lovers would respond it. Thanks, Shukria. ABDULLAH MANSOOR PAKISTAN

Comment by Francis Dominofrank Suleiman on April 12, 2010 at 12:03am

GLOBAL WARMING
Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation. Global surface temperature increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) between the start and the end of the 20th century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes that most of the observed temperature increase since the middle of the 20th century was very likely caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases resulting from human activity such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation. The IPCC also concludes that variations in natural phenomena such as solar radiation and volcanic eruptions had a small cooling effect after 1950. These basic conclusions have been endorsed by more than 40 scientific societies and academies of science, including all of the national academies of science of the major industrialized countries.
Climate model projections summarized in the latest IPCC report indicate that the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) during the 21st century. The uncertainty in this estimate arises from the use of models with differing sensitivity to greenhouse gas concentrations and the use of differing estimates of future greenhouse gas emissions. Most studies focus on the period leading up to the year 2100. However, warming is expected to continue beyond 2100 even if emissions stop, because of the large heat capacity of the oceans and the long lifetime of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, probably including expansion of subtropical deserts. Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects include changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, species extinctions, and changes in agricultural yields. Warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe, though the nature of these regional variations is uncertain.
Political and public debate continues regarding global warming and what actions to take in response. The available options are mitigation to reduce further emissions; adaptation to reduce the damage caused by warming; and, more speculatively, geoengineering to reverse global warming. Most national goverments signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
External forcings
External forcing refers to processes external to the climate system (though not necessarily external to Earth) that influence climate. Climate responds to several types of external forcing, such as radiative forcing due to changes in atmospheric composition (mainly greenhouse gas concentrations), changes in solar luminosity, volcanic eruptions, and variations in Earth's orbit around the Sun. Attribution of recent climate change focuses on the first three types of forcing. Orbital cycles vary slowly over tens of thousands of years and thus are too gradual to have caused the temperature changes observed in the past century.
Green house effects and gases
Seen from space, our atmosphere is but a tiny layer of gas around a huge bulky planet. But it is this gaseous outer ring and its misleadingly called greenhouse effect that makes life on Earth possible – and that could destroy life as we know it. The sun is the Earth’s primary energy source, a burning star so hot that we can feel its heat from over 150 million kilometers away. Its rays enter our atmosphere and shower upon on our planet. About one third of this solar energy is reflected back into the universe by shimmering glaciers, water and other bright surfaces. Two thirds, however, are absorbed by the Earth, thus warming land, oceans, and atmosphere.
Much of this heat radiates back out into space, but some of it is stored in the atmosphere. This process is called the greenhouse effect. Without it, the Earth’s average temperature would be a chilling -18 degrees Celsius, even despite the sun’s constant energy supply. In a world like this, life on Earth would probably have never emerged from the sea. Thanks to the greenhouse effect, however, heat emitted from the Earth is trapped in the atmosphere, providing us with a comfortable average temperature of 14 degrees. So, how does it work? Sunrays enter the glass roof and walls of a greenhouse. But once they heat up the ground, which, in turn, heats up the air inside the greenhouse, the glass panels trap that warm air and temperatures increase. Our planet, however, has no glass walls; the only thing that comes close to acting as such is our atmosphere. But in here, processes are way more complicated than in a real greenhouse.
Like a radiator in space
Only about half of all solar energy that reaches the Earth is infrared radiation and causes immediate warming when passing the atmosphere. The other half is of a higher frequency, and only translates into heat once it hits Earth and is later reflected back into space as waves of infrared radiation. This transformation of solar radiation in to infrared radiation is crucial, because infrared radiation can be absorbed by the atmosphere. So, on a cold and clear night for example, parts of this infrared radiation that would normally dissipate into space get caught up in the Earth’s atmosphere. And like a radiator in the middle of a room, our atmosphere radiates this heat into all directions. Parts of this heat are finally sent out in the frozen nothingness of space, parts of it are sent back to Earth where they step up global temperatures. Just how much warmer it gets down here depends on how much energy is absorbed up there– and this, in turn, depends on the atmosphere’s composition.

The switch from carbon dioxide to oxygen
Nitrogen, oxygen, and argon make up 98 percent of the Earth’s atmosphere. But they do not absorb significant amounts of infrared radiation, and thus do not contribute to the greenhouse effect. It is the more exotic components like water vapour, carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons that absorb heat and thus increase atmospheric temperatures. Studies indicate that until some 2.7 billion years ago, there was so much carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane in our atmosphere that average temperatures on Earth were as high as 70 degrees. But bacteria and plants slowly turned CO2 into oxygen and the concentration of CO2 in our current atmosphere dropped to just about 0.038 percent or 383 parts per million (ppm), a unit of measurement used for very low concentrations of gases that has become a kind of currency in climate change debates.
Minuscule changes – global impact
But while we are still far from seeing major concentrations of CO2 in our atmosphere, slight changes already alter the way our celestial heating system works. Measurements of carbon dioxide amounts from Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii show that CO2 has increased from about 313 ppm in 1960 to about 375 ppm in 2005. That means for every million particles in our atmosphere, there are now 62 CO2-particles more than in 1960. Even if this does not seem like much, scientists say this increase – most probably caused by human activities – is mainly responsible for rising global temperatures throughout the last decades. Even if the term “greenhouse effect” is somewhat of a misnomer, it still might be a useful handle from which the public can grasp an otherwise intricate natural process. Most people can relate to how hot and stuffy a greenhouse can get. Now that the Earth has started to heat up, we realize that our own global greenhouse has no window that we can open to catch some fresh air.

Comment by Jared Akama Ondieki on March 12, 2010 at 5:26pm

Dear Friends,

Friends,this is our long walk to achieving Peace and the far we have reached.I can see Light at the end of the tunnel.All we need now is to Keep hope alive and Our dear World will experience Peace like never before.
We must always remember that Peace starts with ourselves,once we realize the inner Peace then that is the begging of Peace across the world.
You all make me Proud and seeing you all in this Forum gives me ascertain that even when we will be long gone.Our children will live in a better world than we lived.

Lets Keep the Zeal.

Warm regards,

Jared Akama Ondieki
Executive Director
Center For Partnership And Civic Engagement.
www.cepacet.org

Comment by Inayat ur Rehman on October 10, 2009 at 4:53pm

Would be great experience to learn and share my thoughts from people around the world. Looking forward...... I wish for conflict free society all over the world..

Comment by Edward Mbwika on September 16, 2009 at 4:33pm

My work with some organizations and being the founder of New Light Youth Association in Kenya it has been a life-changing one; I am now a self-motivated, hardworking, confident and highly enthusiastic individual with strong analytical ability and good problem solving skills. I can boast of a strong base of experience and extensive domain knowledge of contemporary development issues and trends, especially with regards youth employment and empowerment.New Light Youth Association has provided for me a nurturing and confidence building environment committed to excellence, with security to promote diverse, creative and fruitful work.

Comment by Mohamed S. Dabo on September 7, 2009 at 8:14pm

Am from Sierra Leone, but i believe i can make a difference in this forum by connecting with others for a bette world.

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